Smoking is harmful for physical dependence? How

What is Smoking?

 

Smoking is the major cause of mortality whit bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and of the factors causing death due to malignancies of larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix and coronary  heart disease. 

How Nicotine is the major Cause of Smoking?

Nicotine is the major substance present in the smoke that  causes physical dependence. The additives do produce damage to the body - for example, ammonia can result in a 100- fold increase in the ability of nicotine to enter into the smoke. 

Levulinic acid, added to cigarettes to mast the harsh taste of the nicotine, can increase the binding of nicotine to brain receptors which increases the ' kick' of nicotine. 

 

Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette contains over 4000 chemicals and 40 carcinogens it had long been known that tobacco smoke is carcinogenic or cancer- causing. 

The lungs of smokers collect an annual deposit of 1 to 1 1/2 pounds of the gooey black material. Invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke contains nitrogen, oxygen and toxic gases like carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides. These gases are poisonous and in many cases interfere with the boy's ability of transport oxygen.

 

Like many carcinogenic they can act as tumour promoters or tumor initiators by acting directly on the genetic make-up of cells of the body leading to development of cancer. 

During smoking, within the first 8 -10 seconds, nicotine is absorbed through the lungs and quickly 'moved' into the bloodstream and circulated throughout the brain. Nicotine can also enter the bloodstream through the mucous membranes that line the mouth ( if tobacco is chewed ) or nose ( if snuff is used) and even through the skin. Our brain is made up of billions of nerve cells. They communicate with each other by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. 

Nicotine is one of the most powerful nerve poisons and binds stereo- selectively to nicotinic receptors located in the brain, autonomic ganglia, the medulla, neuro - muscular junctions. Located throughout the brain, they play a critical role in cognitive processes and memory 

The nicotine molecule is shaped like a neuratransmitter called acetylcholine which are involved in many functions including muscle movement, breathing, heart- rate, learning and memory. Nicotine, because of the similar structure whit acetylcholine when it gets into the brain, attaches itself to acetylcholine sites and products toxic effect. 

In high concentration, nicotine is more deadly. In fact one drop of purified nicotine on the tongue will kill a person. It has been used as a pesticides for centuries

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recent search studies suggest that acute nicotine administration would result in increased dopamine release from the brain, producing perceptions of pleasure and happiness, increased energy and motivation increased alertness, increased feeling of vigour during the early phase of smoking. 

 

However, notwithstanding these superficial effects, research shows that the relationship between smoking and memory loss is strongest in people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes each day and this is not specific to the socio-economic status, gender and a range of associated medical conditions. Smoking may speed up age related memory loss and the details are not yet clear. Some studies suggest that repeated exposure to high nicotinic smoke related to the Brain -wiring is nothing but neuro-biochemistry that deals with complex interaction aming genetic experience and bio-chemistry of brain cells. 

 

NO is a unique molecule which plays a role in a number of beneficial and some if the harmful brain and body mechanism, for example, synapse formation, drug tolerance and local regulation of cerebral blood flow, Parkinson's disease etc. It is also found that people who smoke more common garettes a day have poorer memories in middle age than non-smojers. 

Some experts say that smoking is linked to memory problems because it contributes to narrowed arteries that restrict blood -flow to the brain. One of the causes of memory decline in relation to the brain function could be the nerve cell death or decreased density of interconnected neuronal network due to loss of dendrites, the tiny filaments which connect one nerve cell to another. Abstinence from smoking is essential, not only to avoid this systemic effect but also to reduce the ill+-effects on the environment.