Physical Features Of India

Main point

Physical features - mountains, plains, desert, islands, rivers, valleys, plateau.

Type of rock

Hart rock - marble - sedimentary, metamore, phic, igneous

Soft rock - soap stone

Geological process - weathering, erosion, deposit - tion

" Theory of plate tectonics "

The crust of earth has been formed out of 7 measure and some manner plates the mone - ment of the plate results in the building of stresses within the plates and the continue - tal rocks above leading to folding, fault- ing and volcavolcanic activities. This plates movem  - ent are classified into three types -

1) convergent

2) dinergent

3) transfom

Ø Formation  of plates & continents

Plate tectonics theory was formulated in 1960 according to this earth's outer layer known as lithosphere about 100 km thick & over lies a plastic layer called asthenosphete the lithosphere is broken up into 7 large continental & ocean sized plates, sin or 7 mediem sized regional plate & several small plates there plates mone relatine to each other at rates of 5 to 10 cm around 200 year million ago pangea began hosplit into two large land moss are laurasia ( angaraland) & gondawana land  which broke into many smaller continent , some part move westward & some equater ward.

 

 India is not only a diverse country culturally but geographically as well. From mountains,  plains, and plateaus to islands and deserts, the physical features of India are very vast and diverse. Formations of these varied features can be attributed to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’ which states that the movement of these plates resulted in folding and faulting in continental rocks and volcanic activity. This occurred due to 3 types of plate movements:

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

Ø Measure physiographic division

 

Himalayas destrature fold mountains stretch over northen boundry of India.

The Himalayas represent the loftiest & rugged mountains varier of the world's.

They formed are coners a distame abont 2400 km, width from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km. In arunachal p.

The Himalayas found consist of three parallel ranges in it longitudinal extend the norttcen range ' the great or inner Himalaya  ' himadri. The inner Himalayas is the continues rang with an average height of 6000 km.

The rang lie to the South of rugged mountain system know as lesser Himalaya the altitude varies beturen 3700 m& 4500 km & average width of 50 km

Pir Panjab range form the longest  range, the dhaula & mahabharat range are important ones.

The outer rang of Himalaya called shines like it extent oner a width of 10 to 50 km & hane altitvde between 900 to 1100 m Himalaya the longitudnal ualley lying between lesser & the shiwaliks are called duns. Famous duns dehradun, kotli dun & palti dun.

The part of Himalayas lying between indus & panjal is called Punjab Himalaya is also known as kashkashmer  & Himalayas.

Kumao Himalaya lying between satuy & kali river 

The part lying between Tista & dihang river is known as Assam Himalaya. 

Beyond the dihang  george spreed gorge the Himalayas band to the South & along the eastern boundary known as purvanchal eastern hills if comprises Pataki hills, naga hills, Mizo hills, Manipur hills. 

Northern Plains

It has been formed by three major river systems - the Indus, the Ganga & the Brahmaputra with three tributes. 

It spread & oner of 7 lakhs 5qkm about 2400 km along & 240-320 km broad.

 The plain is combined with river soil, adequate water supply, favorable climate for agriculture & disposition of all huivm sail

The river in three lower curse splite into numerics known as distributaries. 

The northern plain is divided into three sections 1) the Punjab plain ( western part) , the indus & tribe taries ( chevab, ravi, beas& sattuj).

2) the ganga plain ( Ghaggar & Teesta river). 

3) brahmaputra plain ( bihar, parthujharkhand& west Bengal). 

The river after descending from the mountain deposit pebbles in a narraw belt of bout 8 to16 km in width line parallel to the shiwa- likes known as Bhabar. 

South of this belt the streams & remerge . 

A wet & marshy reason known as Terrai. Dudhwa national part located in the reason

The northern plain is formed by older alluminium this part is known as bhangan it contain calareous deposit ky as kankar, the newer younger deposite flood plain is known khadar. 

The Peninsular Plateau

The peninsular plateau is composed of old crystallins & metamorphic rock. 

It was formed due to the break, drafting of Gondwanaland. 

It plateau has broad & rounded hills two broad divit:- the antral high & Deccan plataeu. 

The central high land the North of the Narmada covered a major of Malva plateau the vindhya range is bounded by the central Highlands on the South & the paravail on the Northwest. 

West world exterior with sandy & roly deserts of Rajasthan. 

The central Highland are winder in the West but narrow in the east. 

East world exterior are known budel khan & Baghelkhand, the Chota Nagpur mark. The further east world exterior drained by Narmada river.

Deccan plateau

It is a trigular land  mass lies to the South of Narmada river, satpura range in the Mahadeva, Kaimur hills & maikal range found eastern extensions. 

Extension of the plateau is visible in North East known as Meghalaya, Karbi anglong plateau & nory cachar hills. 

The Deccan plateau higher  is west & slopes in East separated by a fault from chottanagar plateau. 

Formation of Himalaya

The formation of Himalaya is all to do with tectonic plate moment, after the breaking of pangea the endo Australian late ( India) was forced to move north until it was pushed up against Eurasian plate sediments deposit in this seg (the sea between Laurasia & gondawanaland) suffered folding resulting the formation Himalaya or alps Himalaya, westwestward drift in Pangea resulted in edges of America and rockings & andies formation.